Process and means for forming concrete



Aug. 17 1926.

A. W. FORSTER PROCESS AND MEANS FOR FORMING CONCRETE Filed 001'.. 3l,

Patented Aug. 1.7', 192e.

uNrrEn STATES PATENT OFFICE,

l LOIS Vl FQRSTER, 0F CHICAGO, ILINOIS, .ASSIGNOR T0 CEMENT-GUN CONSIPIOn TION COMPANY, Gili CHICAGO, ILLINDIS, A CORPORATION 0F -[I1'.N'C)]`.`S.n

PROCESS AND MEANS FOR-FCRMING CCNCETE Application md october a1. 1925.. seria; 1re.. sacas.

My invention relates to a process of and a means for forming concrete and has for a particular purpose to provide a method and means for forming clean square corners in concrete work wherein a cement gun is employed.A Another purpose is the provision of spacing and supporting means for moulding forms for use with a cement gun. Other purposes will appear from time to time in. the course of the speciication and claims.

I illustrate my invention more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawwhereinin s gure l is a side view'of a built up web v girder' partially covered with concrete;

Figure 2 is a perspective view .of one form p of clip employed;

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Figure yl; y q

Figure 5 isa section on the line 5 5 of Figure 1;

Figure 6 is a perspectiveview of a chan nel iron illustrating my process of construc-1 tion; f

Figure 7 illustrates the use of my process with reinforced concrete; and

Figures 8 and 9 illustrate my preferred form of. clip. y,

Like parts are illustrated bylike symbols throughout the s ecification and drawings.

yReferring to igure 1 A is the web of a built up bor; girder stiened at the bottom by the superposed plates or members A1 and secured thereto by the angles- A? A2! AS is a vertical (angle or stilfener applied to the girder A and A4 is a similar stiffener formed of two angle members positioned baclrto back. A5 illustrates throughout the figures the coating of concrete applied to the supporting structure.

E generally denominates one form of clip employed, which includespa clip body B1 from which may be struck out a lurality of tongues or 'fingers B2 B- In t e form of Figure' 2 asingle finger B2 is struck out from betweeny two opposed fingers 'l'vs all the fingers preferably but not necessarily being laterally displaced from the plane of v the clip body B1. yTheopposite end of the clip body terminates in a nail member B* associated with which are vshoulders B adapted to limit the penetration of the nail into the substancer into'which it is driven.

'narv nail head as at G1.

The` bodyy is preferably twisted as at B6 in order to position the shoulders B5 in a plane transverse to the1 plane of the structural elementy to which the clip is secured. The nailB4 is less liable to crack the board when driven crosswisev to the grain ofl the wood.

Another form of clip,` which on the whole I prefer, is illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 which includes any suitable nail'or penetratingmember G herein shown as an ordiu About the 'shank of the nail G is gripped a clip consisting of opposed strips of metal G2 Gr2 which may be spot welded or otherwise secured together as at Ga G8, axially deformed as at Gt G4 to conform to the shape of the nail. They terminate at one end in the outwardly bent spacing edges G5 G5 and at the other in theopposed gripping blades G G5. the ends of which areoutwardly ared as at G? Gf.

Referring to Figure 6, C is an I beam with the upper reinforcing flange C1 and the lower flange C2.

Referring to Figure 7, D D1 are any suit able reinforcing rods-herein shown as imbedded in the concrete D2.

E E are strips or forms herein illustrated as relatively broad thin boards into which are driven the clips B.

It will be realized that many changes may be made in the size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention and that li wish my description and drawings to be. taken as in a broad sense illustrative and diagrammatic rather than as limiting me to my specific description. and showing.

Theuse and operation of my invention are as follows: l e p It is of course common practice to sheath or enclose supporting structures or members9 for example strncturalsteel, with a covering of concrete. Under some circumstances it may be preferable to cast ormould the concrete'about the metal. In many cases however it is cheaper and better to project Btl los

the concrete by means of a cement gun v against the metal or other substance or object being enclosed. In applying a protective coating of gun projected concrete to supporting structures or surfaces, it is obviousl 'desirable to have clean. square and straig `t corners and edges.. However, the

`production ofa clean well formed and reguform in place.

lar corner with projected cement has been a diliicult problem and has added unduly to the expense of the operation of cement projection. The result of-cement gun projection is often a rounded and irregular surface with irregular corners.

I have solved the problem by employing' the following procedure. I may take a thin strip of wood, or other suitable material, of the desired width, 1 x 4, 1 x 5, or 1 x 6, for example, and driveinto or secure to it in alignment as many clips or holding mem-- bers as are necessary to hold the strip or In practice, one to every three feet is suiiicient.

The clips herein shown include opposed lingers or tongues adapted togrip the opposite sides for example of a flange, or structural member, a connecting body, and a nail adapted to penetrate the board or form. These clips may be driven just like nails.

When the clips have been driven into or secured to the board, they may be clipped on of which is closed or secured to the flange or structural member. In the type herein shown, the'gj'ip of the opposed fingers at the opposite sides of the ange is suiiicient to hold the board in lace.

s examples of the wide range of use I have indicated in Figures 1 to 5 the employment of a structural member with vertithe surface terminating in a clear corner.v

It is easy, in manipulating the cement gun, to get a relatively even edge or corner when the concrete is bein shot in a s ace one side y such a p ane surfaced form. Y b

When the concrete has been shot up to the wooden strip I simply pull off the strip,

leaving the nalls sticking out Vof the con crete. The nails are clipped o and as the wooden strip is inI practice positioned a half inch or so from the finishing line, the remainder of the concrete may be shot after the strip has been removed, covering up the stub end of the nails that have been pinched 0E. The finishing layeris indicated at E10 in Figure 5.

y Figure 6 illustrates the process of covering an I beam and Figure 7 illustrates the process applied to reinforced concrete, the clips being secured to reinforcing bars.

The lclips illustrated are designed, for' the ordinary 'single ,stiflener and may have an opening for example of about 1%; of an inch 'Ihe same clips may be made of diierent Widths, depending upon. the Weight and length of t e strip or-form employed. Ob-` viously the distance between the opposed fingers and tongues of the clip may be varied to suit the particular member which is to be used and obviously the length of the clip employed may be varied, depending. upon the thickness of the desired coating of con'-v crete. v

Mymethod ma 'be roughly summarized.

jecting concrete to imbed Athe reinforcingl member 'of the Istructural member and the holding clip, removing the -form, and finally' breaking oil' or coveringthe projecting stu or nail.

I claim: 1. The process of vsheathing a structural member with a sharp cornered concrete sheath which consists in positioning a securing member upon a form, applying said memi ber to the structural member to be covered,

projecting concrete into the space within suchform and imbedding the structural member and-the holding member therein, removing said -form from the holding Vmember fremoving the projecting end of the hoIding member, and apply in anadditonal coating of concrete over t e remaining stub of the holding member. i

2. The process of sheathing a structural member with 'a sharp corneredconcrete sheath which consists in positioning a se curing member upon'a form, applying said member to the outwardly projecting flange of such a structural member and thereby securing the form thereto, pro'ecting concrete into the space within sucll form and imbedding the structural memberl and the holding member therein, removing said form from the holding member and applying an additional coating of concrete over the projecting portion of the holding member.

3. The process of sheathing a structural member with a sharp cornered concrete sheath which consists in positioning a securingmember upon a form, applying said member to the structural member to be covered, projecting concrete into the space within such form and imbedding the structural member and the holding member therein, removing said form from the holding member, and applyingI an additional coating of concreteI over the projecting portion of theh'olding member.

4. Themethod of forming a square corner upon a sheathing of concrete projected against a. structural member, which consists in securing a plane surfaced form-in spaced relation to 'the member to. be sheathed, rojecting concrete into the space within suc form and about said member andv imbedding the member, removing the form, and applying an additional layer of concrete after such removal. j

5. The method of forming a squarecorner upon a sheathing of concrete projected against a structural member, which consists in securing a plane surfaced form in spaced' relation to the member to be sheathed by means of a holding clip, projecting concrete into the space Within such form and about such member and imbedding the member and the clip, removing the form fromthe clip, and applying an additional layer of concrete after such removal.

6. The process of sheathing astructural memberl with a sharp cornered concrete sheath, which consists in positioning a securing member upon a form, applying said member to the structural member to be covered, projecting concrete into the space Within such form and imbedding the structural member and the holding member therein, and removing saidy form from the imbedded holding member.

7. The method of forming a square corner upon a sheathing of concrete projected against a structural member, Which consists in securing a plane surfaced form :in spaced relation to the member to be sheathed by means of a holding clip, projecting concrete into the space Within such form and about such member and imbedding the member alnd the clip, removing thev form from the c 1p.

8. A holding clip for concrete forms comprising a clip body, an opposed pair of gripping members ,at one side of the clip body, a nail member projectinf from the opposite side of the clip body and means on said clip adapted to limit the penetration of said nail member.

9. A holding clip for concrete forms comi prising aclip body, a pair of opposed gripping members at one ,side thereof and anail member projecting from the'opposite side thereof. i

10.` As a new article of manufacture, a holding clip for concrete forms comprising a clip body, a plurality of opposedv gripping members integral With said body and offset from the plane thereof and a nail memberl projecting from said body.

l1. As a new articleof manufacture, a holding clip for concrete forms comprising a clip body, a plurality of opposed gripping members `integral With said body and off-set from the plane thereof and a nail member projecting from said body and outwardly projecting members adapted to limit the penetration of said nail member.

12. As a new article of manufacture, a holding clip for concrete forms, comprising a nail, a plurality of opposed strips of thin.

stock secured to ,each other about `said nail, the point of the nail projecting beyond one end of said strips, and grippmg arms integral with said strips and projecting axially beyond the head of the nail.

Signed at Chicago, county of Cook, and State of illinois, this 27th day of October,

ALors W. ronsrnn. 

